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Vietnam has officially joined the group of countries with populations exceeding 100 million, even as it moves into a phase of low fertility and faster-than-expected population ageing.
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According to data from the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Vietnam’s population surpassed the 100‑million. The General Department of Population (Ministry of Health) estimates Vietnam’s 2025 population at about 101.6 million. The milestone marks a significant stage in the country’s development and reflects notable demographic shifts.
ESCAP notes Vietnam’s population growth rate remains above the regional average but is markedly lower than in previous periods. Notably, total fertility in 2025 is estimated at about 1.9 children per woman - below the replacement level of 2.1. The General Statistics Office reports a similar figure, with total fertility at 1.93 children per woman, signaling that Vietnam has entered the low‑fertility group.
Meanwhile, life expectancy continues to improve, reaching about 74.9 years per ESCAP and 74.7 years per national statistics.
Vietnam is currently in the late stage of golden population period. This is an important opportunity to boost growth, raise labor productivity and build resources for the future.
But fertility below replacement combined with rising longevity will create challenges similar to those faced by East Asian countries: labor shortages in some sectors, growing demand for eldercare, and increased pressure on pension and social‑insurance system.
Hai Phong News
